Accounting,Sustainability and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Accounting,Sustainability and Ethics - Essay Example Manageability is additionally assessed utilizing a fair scorecard. A parity sore card shows how the association is acting as far as accounts, maintainability and different elements that influence association. Manageability announcing is additionally done utilizing triple main concern detailing method. Case of the organizations that report on their natural activities is Apple Company. In the year 2009 the organization reported that 53% of its nursery discharge originates from the purchaser use of its items. As such the organization has received nursery discharge decrease imitative which is accomplished utilizing an assortment of ways (Freeman 2014 Pg. 554) As of now, associations have received green bookkeeping which tries to incorporate money related reports with nonfinancial one which is related with natural administrations and products. It has likewise been acknowledged that associations ought to watch morals in their every day activities. Business morals alludes to the type of expert or applied morals which looks at moral issues which emerge in a business situation (Elliott and Elliott 2011, p. 48).

The Process of Compare and Contrast Essay Topics For College

The Process of Compare and Contrast Essay Topics For CollegeComparing and contrasting essay topics for college can be an exciting and rewarding experience. It's not easy to have all your essays reviewed and criticized by your college counselors, so the best thing you can do is come up with topics that are unique and will give you a leg up on your competition. You want to ensure that you don't come across as too bland or too trendy in your essay, but you also don't want to scare off your college admissions staff and lead them away from the subject matter they need to know about.When you are applying to college, it is extremely important that you have a clear goal in mind. You need to know where you want to go and what type of education you want to gain. This is the only way you can find the topic of your essay. Once you have found your topic, it is time to get to work.One of the first things you need to do is go online and check out the many writing sites that are available for you to use when preparing your essay. Most writing websites will provide you with free copies of their samples. All you need to do is print the samples out and bring them with you to your local college counselor. There are a lot of people who do this, so you will be able to get a feel for the process and how much effort it takes to come up with great essay topics.If you have never written a personal essay before, it is important that you keep in mind that they are not the same as regular essays. They require more preparation means more research and more time spent thinking about the questions that need to be answered. If you have ever had to write a thesis paper, then you know just how much time it takes to really prepare for this type of essay.Once you have done the research and the essays are ready, then you can choose the possible topics that will make the most sense to you. You might want to start with the classes that you took in high school and start to look at college essay topics that pertain to them. These types of topics are going to be easier to write about than those that pertain to subjects you have little to no knowledge about.Then you can start looking at other topics, as well as other types of essays. This process is crucial because the more subjects you can discuss, the better the chances of being able to submit it in time. If you can't find topics that interest you, then you should write something new or take a look at other essays that you have written and see if any of them have the topics that you have been missing out on.After you have chosen the topic for your essay, then it is time to prepare it for submission to your college. This will be one of the most challenging parts of the entire process, but it will also be one of the most important. Make sure that you get your college advisor involved and help them through the process, especially if they have different ideas about how to format your paper.You also want to make sure that you are fully prepared to answer the questions that are coming at you from your college admissions staff. These experts are looking for something different from your essay, so don't hesitate to ask them questions about what they are looking for, if anything.

Tomber dans les Pommes French Expression Explained

Tomber dans les Pommes French Expression Explained The French articulation: Tomber dans les pommesâ (pronounced [to(n) narrows da(n) lay puhm]) intends to black out or drop. It has an informalâ registerâ and truly makes an interpretation of to fall in the apples. You may likewise hear the variationâ partir dans les pommes (to leave in[to] the apples) Clarification The French articulation tomber dans les pommes is an adorable method of saying that somebody blacked out, however I wish I knew why/how apples are identified with a condition of unconsciousness.* This odd connection proceeds in the similarly casual articulation rester dans les pommes - to (proceed to) be unconscious, to stay oblivious. *According to Le Grand Robert, the likely cause is George Sands à ªtre dans les pommes cuites, a play on à ªtre cuit (to be depleted) in Rey et Chantreau, yet that still doesnt disclose what apples have to do with anything. Model Nayant rien mangã © depuis in addition to de 12 heures, elle est tombã ©e dans les pommes.Not having eaten anything for over 12 hours, she dropped.

4 Factors for GMAT Success

Prep Matters I spent last Friday at the GMAC Test Prep Summit in Los Angeles. The conference was mostly for test prep professionals, but GMAC invited admissions consultants and I decided to go. I’m glad I did. I am keenly aware of both the rise in test scores over the last 20 years as well as the importance of a competitive test score in the evaluation process.   The session presented by Dr. Larry Rudner, GMAC’s VP of Research and Development and Chief Psychometrician, highlighted factors for success on the GMAT. They may not be news, but they are critical to achieving a high score. They are also worth highlighting and repeating. Here goes: 1.  Prep matters. Dr. Rudner showed us data on the nationalities that score the highest on the GMAT, specifically on the quant section of the exam. He also showed us data by nationality on self-reported prep time. Those nationalities with the highest scores also spent the most time preparing for the exam. 2.  Pacing correlates to a high score. The first questions are not more important than later questions, especially if you end up guessing at the end just to finish. 3.  Guessing is better than omitting. If you run out of time, you are better off guessing than simply leaving questions blank. However, see #2. 4.  It usually pays to retake. If your score is not competitive at your target schools and you scored less than 700, then you should retake the exam. Among U.S. test takers who scored 700 or more on their first GMAT, the average increase was less than 10 points. Of all U.S. test re-takers, 55% increased their score by 30+ points. If you aren’t happy with your first score given your target programs, are willing to put in the time and effort to raise your score, got less than a 700, and are applying to a school that, like most, uses the highest score, then you should give it a second shot. Thank you GMAC for holding the informative conference! By Linda Abraham, president and founder of Accepted.com and co-author of the new, definitive book on MBA admissions, MBA Admission for Smarties: The No-Nonsense Guide to Acceptance at Top Business Schools.

The Myth of Gyges and The Allegory of the Cave, Several...

Education 1) The Myth of Gyges and The Allegory of the Cave was made up by Plato. According to Saunders (2006), the myth of Gyges talks about how a man named Gyges who got a hold of a ring that made him invisible. Since no one could see him he was able to do whatever he wanted without getting caught. The message in this myth is that if everyone had a ring to make them invisible we would most likely do unjust things no matter if we were just or unjust before putting on the ring. According to Cohen (â€Å"Allegory of the Cave†), the Allegory of the Cave was about people who are chained in caves. They see shadows on the walls and think that they’re real people and animals but truth is, it’s just puppeteers. They think that it is reality but they have no idea what the real world looks like. The message is that our view of what reality is based on what is instilled in us and we accept what people tell us about reality. To compare these two, they are not real stories b ut myths that were made up by Plato. To contrast these two, the themes in each one is different. I would rather live in the world that The Allegory of the Cave portrays. I believe it would not be as chaotic as The Myth of Gyges because everyone is chained up and seem to believe in the same thing. Where as in The Myth of Gyges, everyone can do whatever they want without getting caught. To some degree, we all have a twisted sense of reality anyways. 2) The ingredients that make up a good society are justice, freedom and

Characteristics of Legal Organization Example

Essays on Characteristics of Legal Organization Essay Question Identify and explain the primary characteristics of each form of legal organization" According to Keown, Martin, Petty and Scott (1998) legal organizations are numerous and diverse, and therefore are classified into three categories. The categories include sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. They fall into these classes according to their forms of operation and type of ownership. Sole proprietorship is a form of organization formed, owned, and operated by an individual (Keown et al, 1998). It is a small business operation and therefore the owner is able to manage it responsively. It does not require a legal requirement when starting if the owner is using his name. In case the owner wants to change the name, he or she can apply for a certificate and pay a certain fee. All the assets belong to the owner, and he is responsible for the liabilities incurred. He or she also enjoys all the profit and suffers the losses incurred by the business. Partnership refers to a business owned by two or more individuals as co-owners in order to make profit (Keown et al, 1998). Partnerships fall into two groups, which are general and limited partnerships. A general partnership is whereby an individual is fully responsible for all the liabilities incurred, and therefore any form of liability affects all the partners. In limited partnerships, individuals are partly responsible for the liability incurred depending on the amount of capital they invested in the partnership. One of the partners must have unlimited liability. The others with limited liability may not appear in the name of the firm, and may not participate in the management of the business. A corporation is an entity that legally functions separately and apart from its owners (Keown et al, 1998). It operates individually in terms of business operations, but its personnel are subject to punishment in case of criminal offenses. It is composed of owners who dictate its direction and policies. The owners elect a board of directors, who select individuals to serve as corporate officers. A corporation dictates ownership by the amount of shares an individual owns as indicated by the common stock certificates. This depends on the number of shares an individual owns relative to the total number of shares the corporation has, and therefore determines the stockholder’s proportionate ownership in the business. The shareholders are free to sell and buy shares from their fellow shareholders because the shares are transferable. The amount they have invested in the company confines the shareholders to the liabilities, and therefore prevents creditors from confiscating stockhold er’s personal assets in case of settling unresolved claims. The life of a corporation is not dependant on the status of the investors. References Keown, A.J., Martin, J.D., Petty, J.W., Scott Jr., D. F. (1998). Foundations of finance the logic and practice of financial management, (6) 7-8.

Strategic Management Business Information Systems

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management for Business Information Systems. Answer: Introduction: The overall study is based on a Resume Writing Company. For facilitating the sound business development in the identified market, the company should need to concentrate on developing proper understanding related to the Five Forces Model designed by Michael Porter (Rothaermel 2015). Threat of New Entrants The threat of new entrants within the identified sector of the market is comparatively high. Due to the rapid shift in demand regarding the individuals around the globe, seeking external assistance in creating their resumes mainly causes the increase in demand. Resumes provide important roles in building and developing careers of the individuals in the initial stage (Francis and Ogutum 2015). Based on the identified scenario, wide range of service providers are continuously approaching to capture the opportunity and ultimately increasing the competitive pressures for the new as well as existing companies. Threat of Substitutes The modern world is extremely influenced by the rise of technology and digital tools. Individuals face numerous options from the internet to create their resume (Takata 2016). The certain scenario contributes to the high threat from the substitutes. Bargaining Power of Suppliers In order to create a highly presentable resume, the useful involvement of the professional personnel is required. They are highly skilled and efficient to provide the service and driving the lower bargaining power of the suppliers. Bargaining Power of the Customers Due to the technologic advancement, service users get multiple options to select from the countless service providers over the internet (Johnson et al. 2013). The selection of the service providers is based on the reasonable and relatively low prices of the resume writing services. It costs the high bargaining power for the customers. Competitive Rivalry The competitive rivalry among the existing service providers within the particular market is very high due to the increasing trends of internet and digital media. (Fig 1: Five Forces Model designed by Michael Porter; Source: created by the author) Generic Strategies for Competitive Advantage Apart from the five forces model, Porter had also outlined the generic strategies for the business. The resume writing companies should need to generate a proper understanding related to establish the business in the competitive working environment. As part of the process, the company needs to determine the key concepts associated with cost leadership, differentiation, and focus areas of the business (Rothaermel 2015). Here, cost leadership reflects providing quality Resume Writing Services in the optimal price levels. Focus strategy deals with the small objectives, which drives the firm for their achievements. Lastly, differentiation states the business to form different services for the various segments for promoting the growth in the identified market. Data Dictionary Name JULIA DOUGHERTY (Client 1) Age 38 Address 852 Shlep Rd., Highkand Park, NJ 08904 Educational Background 1) Bachelor of Science in Education from Western Governor's University in 2002 2) Master of Science in Education from Western Governor's University in 2004 Prize Rewarded as a certified teacher from New Jersey State Work experience 1) 1st Grade Teacher at Sweetbriar Elementary School in Seaside Heights, NJ from 08/2004 to 05/2009 2) 3rd Grade Teacher at Westwood Elementary School in Seaside Heights, NJ from 08/2009 and pursuing Skills 1) Teaching, Tutoring, and Counselling 2) Innovative Lesion Planning 3) Classroom Management 4) Learning Style Assessment 5) Performance Assessment 6) Motivating Students Hobbies 1) Reading Books 2) Collecting scholar articles 3) Engaging in the learning sessions with the little girls References Francis, M. and Ogutu, M., 2015. Porter's five competitive forces framework and other factors that influence the choice of response strategies adopted by public universities in Kenya. Johnson, G., Whittington, R., Scholes, K., Angwin, D. and RegnÃ…Â ½r, P., 2013.Exploring Strategy Text Cases. Pearson Higher Ed. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. McGraw-Hill. Takata, H., 2016. Effects of industry forces, market orientation, and marketing capabilities on business performance: An empirical analysis of Japanese manufacturers from 2009 to 2011.Journal of Business Research.

Jackson Pollock free essay sample

An essay on the life and work of American abstract painter Jackson Pollock. This paper discusses the life and work of Jackson Pollock, who is one of the central figures in the development of the strictly American art movement called Abstract Expressionism. The paper includes his biographical information, description of major works, quotes from Pollock and his critics describing his innovative drip painting style, and an art inventory of the 1953 painting called Easter and the Totem. American painter, Jackson Pollock, born in Cody, Wyoming in 1912, was a troubled genius who became known as a quintessential abstract expressionist in the art world of the twentieth century. Pollock, a freedom seeking rebel, was instrumental is the development of the distinctly American abstract expressionist movement in the United States. He became notorious for his drip painting methods and his huge canvases layered with paint and embedded objects. Pollock, known for his emotional volatility and heavy drinking, seen as a phony by some, and a hero by others, used his innovative, individualistic and uninhibited style to birth a new artistic genre in post World War II America. We will write a custom essay sample on Jackson Pollock or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Dissertation Plagiarism 5 Ways NOT to Break the Law

Dissertation Plagiarism 5 Ways NOT to Break the Law Dissertation Plagiarism: 5 Ways NOT to Break the Law Dissertation custom writing companies are becoming more and more popular among college students. Although they gain traction, talks about the â€Å"contract cheating† make students set sights on the legality of the writing companies. Asking such services for assistance is not all that shameful and illegal if you properly make use of them. Thus, let’s puzzle out this question. 1. Do NOT Cheat When you get a custom-written dissertation that meets all your professor’s demands, it is quite difficult to resist the temptation and not to hand in the work as your own. In this case, you have to keep in mind that the Copyright Law of the United States strictly punishes for dissertation plagiarism. And, the consequences are not the thing you would like to face being an A-student for the last couple of years. How should you act, though? Use this paper as a sample that will help you craft a masterpiece on your own. 2. Follow the Key Requirements The most beneficial way a sample dissertation can come in handy is to let you know how to meet the formatting demands. Having a properly-crafted piece in front of you, you do not need to overlook tens or even hundreds of guides to come up with the right structure of your writing. A practical example will substitute the best consultant as well as save you a lot of time. 3. Get Inspired by Ideas Sure, when you get a topic for a dissertation paper, you may have some ideas concerning the issue; do not forget to note them down! Thus, when you receive a sample paper written by a professional that discloses top issues, it would be a great bonus if you insert your own ideas into the piece. This will not only help you make the work more developed but also get outside of the problem on your own. Your professor will surely check out your attempts. 4. Paraphrase the Ideas It goes without saying that it may happen that you have no idea what can be said more concerning the issue of your dissertation, and the only source of information for your paper is the received sample. In order not to resort to any kind of plagiarism, you have to do your best and reproduce your own thoughts based on the points got from the example writing. Read the whole example paper, understand the key points, and then, retell the plot in your own words paraphrase it. As the result, you are more likely to provide a well-researched dissertation that is absolutely unique. 5. Develop the Issues to the Fullest Even if you do not have any ideas concerning the discussed problem, do your best to better discover the questions presented in the example work. When researching, you will put new information in the paper thinking through the central issue. Have a look at all the covered problems, choose those that impress you the most, and work on them. You will definitely find some useful sources on the list of references, so, make use of them and get deeper into some questions you think are important for your research. If you have ever asked yourself whether dealing with dissertation writing services is legal, hope, now you know the answer. In order NOT to be considered a cheater, remember the only thing the ordered paper, be it a dissertation or an essay sample, is just an example that should be your guide to produce a professional assignment written from scratch. Do not try to outsmart your professors as the truth will always be out of the bag somehow. Dont hesitate to buy your dissertation online written by professionals.

Nurses and groups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Nurses and groups - Essay Example No doubt, group therapy is capable of yielding â€Å"empowering experiences† to the patients and the group members can both â€Å"serve as change agents and facilitators† (Norcross & Goldfried, 2005, p. 366). Group therapies, in general, aim at promoting the self-esteem and emotional well-being of the participants and person centered group therapies rely on the potential of the clients to find solutions for their own problems. The therapist remains as a catalyst agent who initiates change among the group members through congruence, unconditional positive regard and empathy (Rogers, 1989). Studies have shown that person centered group therapies are highly beneficial to such groups of people who suffer from depression and substance abuse (Corey 2011). Similarly, people with depression are more likely to suffer from feelings of alienation, loneliness, and isolation and group therapies are capable of offering solace to them (Anxiety & Panic Disorders Health Center, 2012). T his paper seeks to design a six weeks person centered group therapy session for people with depression and in doing so the paper deals with the target population, outlines the purpose and objectives of the therapy sessions, explains the various theoretical aspects of the person centered therapy approach, analyses the role of the therapist as well as the group members during the therapy sessions, and finally evaluates the effectiveness of the group therapy on the people with depression. Methodology and target group for the therapy The target population for the person centered therapy consists of 30 people with depression who will randomly be selected. These target population can comprise of those who already undergo treatment for depression or those who are identified as depressed people. Six sessions of person centered group therapy will be administered on the target population. The goals and objectives of each therapeutic session will be determined beforehand. An evaluation regardi ng the accomplishment of these objectives will be done at the end of each session. At the end of all the therapy sessions an overall evaluation of the effectiveness of the person centered therapy on the participants will also be undertaken comparing and contrasting the physical and mental well being of each participants before and after the therapy sessions. The purpose and objectives of the therapy sessions The group therapy aims at the overall physical and mental well-being of all the participants. The ultimate aim of the therapy is to see the participants come out of their depressed state. For this, it is essential that the therapist creates an open and accepting climate within the group so as to promote positive self-concept, self-direction, self-acceptance, of self-respect and personal worth, and self-actualization among the participants. Similarly, following the key principles of person centered approach the therapist needs to maintain sense congruence, unconditional positive regard, and empathy towards the participants all throughout the therapeutic alliance. The objectives of each of the therapy sessions are briefly mentioned below: Session one: The first session of the therapy aims at building rapport and trust between the therapist and the participants.

Critically evaluate the concept of human security Essay

Critically evaluate the concept of human security - Essay Example The first one considers the protection of human rights and the second one focuses on the protection of human beings from economic, environmental, social and other forms of threats and aims at the well being of man’s overall livelihood; an element of social justice is visible in this conception (Williams 2008, p. 231). The third and most controversial conception considers human security in a much wider way ensuring the survival and health of individuals. It observes the concept in a global perspective and subjects such as global economic status, effects of globalization and health of the environment are considered as the essential elements of human security. This paper tries to make a critical evaluation of the concept of human security and in doing so the paper takes into account the various aspects of human security and related issues. The concept of Human Security: Debates and Definitions All the three conceptions of human security paved way for criticisms and most of the re cent debates are shaped by the wider conception of human security. ... concept of human security in a broad way and that is â€Å"the absence of threats to various core human values† whereas Alkire (2002) holds that â€Å"the objective of human security is to safeguard the vital core of all human lives from critical pervasive threats, and to do so without impending long term human flourishing† (Quoted in Williams 2008, p. 231). Alkire’s definition seems to be more positive in nature. However, a more comprehensive definition is offered by the Commission on Human Security and the report of the Commission views human security as ‘protecting fundamental freedoms’- â€Å"protecting people form critical (severe) and pervasive (widespread) threats and situations. It means using process that build on people’s strength and aspirations. It means creating political, social environmental, economic, military and cultural systems that together give people the building blocks of survival† (Williams 2008, p. 231). Even th ough there are various definitions and understandings of the concept of human security, there are many who hold that the state-centered approach to human security should give way for a more comprehensive people-centered approach to security. Tadjbakhsh, in this respect, observes that â€Å"there is consensus among its advocates that there should be a shift of attention from a state-centered to a people-centered approach to security, that concern with the security of state borders should give way to concern with the security of the people who live within those borders† (Tadjbakhsh 2006, p. 5). Therefore, it can be inferred that an individual centered human security model assumes the safety of the individual as the means to global security and any disturbances to the safety of the individual would therefore affect the international

Ghost Solders Essay Example for Free

Ghost Solders Essay The book â€Å"Ghost Solders: The Forgotten Epic Story of World War II’s Most Dramatic Mission† tells the story of the American raid that happened in January 1945 on the Japanese prisoner of war camp at Cabanatuan in the Philippines to rescue allied prisoners. The accounts come from interviews conducted by the author of the participants, both rescuers and prisoners. With these interviews the author was able to give the reader an insight to the concentrations caps and of the prisoners lives as well as the rescue mission with first hand details. There are three points this book was able to show and the first is about the individuals the second is of survival and the human spirit and the third is the success of the mission. It is a compelling work of history on the war with Japan. It focuses on the experiences of a few individuals but never loses sight of the bigger picture, the American war against Japan. Hampton Sides tells the true story of a daring mission to rescue American and Allied soldiers who had been incarcerated for more than three years behind enemy lines. These men roughly 500 were from an army of 100,000 who had surrendered in April 1942 and endured appalling conditions and acts such as the crushing of ailing prisoners with tanks, random decapitations and the use of exhausted troops for bayonet practice. Many of their comrades died during the Death March that followed their surrender. Sides reminds us how shocking it was for the Americans to witness suffering indiscriminate cruelty from the Japanese guards without being able to do anything about it. The story opens in December in the year 1941 with the Japanese invasion of the Philippines Islands, the American retreat to Bataan and Corregidor, and the surrender of the American and Filipino forces to the Japanese in April and May 1942. By January 1945 very few allied prisoners had survived the Bataan Death March and remained in the Philippines. Many died because of the three years of neglect, hunger, disease, and torture from the Japanese. With the summer of 1944, with Americans moving nearer to the Philippines many prisoners were shipped out to the Islands on what were called â€Å"Hell Ships bound for Japan or Formosa. With the allied invasion of the Philippines in October 1944, the fate of the surviving prisoners of war became even more uncertain. This was because of reports of Japanese troops murdering prisoners before retreating and just before American forces was able to save them. To prevent another massacre, a small force of 121 men from the U. S. Army’s 6th Ranger Battalion that slipped through the Japanese lines on January 28th 1945, engaging in one of the most daring rescue mission of the war. The object of the raids was to rescue 513 American and British POW’s in the Japanese camp near Cabanatuan on the Island of Luzon. â€Å"Ghost Story† is the story of the rescuers as well as the rescued. The author details the raid from beginning to end, intertwining the story of the prisoners in the camp with the story of the rescuers that give emotions to the reader on the event. Lieutenant Colonel Henry Mucci, a West Point Graduate and the commanding officer of the 6th Ranger Battalion, was selected to lead the raid. Mucci could not take all 800 of his Rangers, so he took the C Company commanded by Captain Robert Prince, and a platoon from F Company to undertake the mission. There were 121 men total for the mission. Early in the morning on January 28th the rescuers began a 30 mile march to the camp at Cabanatuan. Sides detail the march through the jungle. He also deals with the concerns when it was discovered that the camp was a major transshipment point for retreating Japanese and almost 8,000 Japanese troops might be in the area. There were also details on the logistical, intelligence and combat contributions of the Filipino guerrillas as well as the planning, reconnaissance and execution of the assault on the camp. The author does an excellent job with these descriptions along with the emotional and gripping withdrawal of the prisoners back to American lines. Sides bring the story to life in a very exciting and very gripping manner and to me he captured the moment. He details the day to day suffering of the prisoners and tells the story of the dangerous work done by the resistance forces before and after the rescues. Many of the Filipino citizens helped the prisoners and the Rangers risking death. They supplied the Rangers with food and carts. They even fought along side of the Rangers. The book is very well written and is a must read for any WW II historian as well as the average reader. It gives a detailed look into human behavior during war and at a time when people are usually at their worst. â€Å"Ghost Soldiers† is a remarkable book, not least because Sidess heroes were ordinary solders and humans who somehow found the resilience to endure unimaginable horrors. The account of the raid itself is the stuff of high adventure, but where Sides excels is in persuading the survivors to recall their experiences in such powerful, candid detail. Reference: Sides, H. Ghost Solders: The Forgotten Epic Story of World War II’s Most Dramatic Mission. New York: Doubleday (2001).

Resopnse To Revolution Essay example -- essays research papers

Book Review Response to Revolution Response to Revolution, by Richard E. Welch Jr., is an honest and unbiased look at America’s policy towards Cuba during the Cuban Revolution. It covers the general history of and preconceived notions about the revolution in depth and gives ample attention to both sides of the relationship between the U.S. and Cuba. In addition to this Welch analyzes the reactions of America’s various factions during the early years of the revolution. Upon taking this into a change of the status quo, and of one that only played the international game of politics on its own terms. The general idea underlying Response to Revolution is the evolution of the U.S.’s opinion of the Cuban revolution from good to bad. Yet to understand this, the author shows that it is first important to understand the events and attitudes that took place between the U.S. and Cuba in the years between 1958-1961. At the onset of the Cuban revolution we find that the U.S. government supported the Batista regime and that while it was technically a democracy it reinforced bitter class differences. Eventually various factions united under Castro and the Batista government was overthrown. While the United States for the most part stayed out of this war and even cut off arm sales to Batista before his overthrow, Welch shows that by then it was to late for the U.S. to ever create a good relationship with Cuba. The reason for this is that the years of and U.S. dominated Cuban economy, combined with the troublesome Platt Amendment, fueled the fire of class differences and created in Cast ro’s mind a distrust of U.S. involvement in Cuba. However, while Castro’s anti-American stance no doubt hindered relations with the U.S., it was more the fault of the Eisenhower and Kennedy presidencies reluctance to offer aid outright to Castro and accept change in Cuba. This unwillingness of Castro to adhere to the U.S. standard or democracy in turn led to unwarranted economic sanctions, which later led to Cuba’s need for Soviet economic support. â€Å"The U.S. government measures went beyond the retaliation warranted by the injuries American citizens and interests had up to that time suffered at Castro’s hands† (Welch 58). The author further contests that the problem was only furthered when Kennedy took the matter to be personal and put into act Eisenhower’s counterrevolution inva... ...nited States’ policy towards Cuba in the years between 1958-1961 correct and well thought out? According to the book’s evidence and my personal observation of our current relationship with Cuba I would say no. The U.S. failed to see that its ideals and values were not shared by the entire world, and in Cuba’s case our values and economy lead to more social oppression that Communism would have. We as a nation were one of mixed emotions and our leaders who made decisions concerning Cuba were largely uneducated on the history and politics of Cuba, leading to a trend of bad relations. This in effect showed the U.S. to be a nation only concerned with its own interests, rather than the heroic liberator and protector of democracy. If I got anything out of all this I must say it was the realization that the U.S. as a nation was in fact no better than some of the nations I sought to ward off. In conclusion Response to revolution is an honest book that takes no sides a nd simply exposes the fact that the U.S. Policy towards Cuba during the Cuban Revolution was one that was not well though out, and ultimately ended any chance of reverting to favorable economic relations with Castro’s Cuba.

Cybercrime and its impact on International Business

Cyber crime can be referred to any illegal activity that is executed with the help of a computer. Such kinds of crimes have always been executed ever since the computer technology was introduced (Cross, F 2007). With the advent of Internet, these crimes have gained an even faster pace. These thefts are not limited to enclosed vicinity. Accessing to data of an organization while sitting in another part of the world through internet has now become extremely effortless. This has drastic affects on organizations.Stealing sensitive information such as data of the stock exchange, profits of a financial institution and even identities of individuals (Cross, F 2007) to access into their personal accounts are crimes that are increasing rapidly. This has led to many connotations for businesses worldwide; taking better security measures. Cyber crimes committed are unique in such a way that no physical existence of material or equipment is needed. Everything is done through the use of a computer (Nag, D & Bajaj, K 2005). This has made these crimes even more dangerous and difficult to control. Opportunities for cyber criminalsThe increasing globalization has led to the merger of activities all over the world. Banks, stock markets, multi nationals all have become connected with each other and technology has become the life and blood for all organizations. Used for various purposes such as enhanced communication mediums and information sharing, technological advancements have also made businesses worldwide more susceptible to frauds and misuse of information (Grabosky, P 2005). Amongst all technological developments of the 20th century the internet is a widely used instrument for information sharing all over the world.Between the year 2001 and 2002 there has been an increase of $6501 billion revenue being generated from business executed online (Grabosky, P2005). This means there are greater chances for individuals to commit cyber crimes that are both dangerous and risky to t he business and also illegal in nature (ibid). Businesses worldwide make use of electronic communication means particularly those in the Western World and hence computer and cyber crimes have exploded after the 1990’s (Chamely, H 2003).The use of internet has fuelled the globalization process and hence the world has become smaller. People across the globe can now connect to each other easily though electronic means. However this advantage also carries perils to security. Issues such as fraud over the internet and piracy have been facilitated with the internet development (ibid). Multinationals have offices all over the world that are connected providing cyber criminals with the opportunity to act. It could be someone from within the employees or even a third party criminal.With the pace of technological development, e-commerce has come into existence and businesses are shifting not only their single operations online but transferring their complete business processes online ( Edin, M 2002). Bank for instances have started to offer international fund transfers from branches in two different parts of the worlds through internet which provides criminal opportunity for fund embezzlement which could mean loss of huge amounts of money for the banks. Online businesses such as Amazon. com deal in online shopping and purchasing of goods without dealing in any brick and mortar business.All such organizations function globally and hence are at a greater chance of cyber fraud then a business that only has one office in a single country and hence a smaller network and system. Impact of cyber crimes on business activities All businesses internationally have started to rely on electronic means of doing work and hence dependence on internet and technological sources has gained immense importance. Break down or illegal access to business information system and data base can have severe repercussions:†¢ Hindrance in day to day operations of a business like communicat ion with employees across the borders. Some companies function internationally with employees connected through means of video conferencing or emails etc (Grabosky, P 2005). †¢ A complete shutdown of business for instance organizations such as Wal-Mart function on a real time inventory management system and illegal access gained by a competitor means sharing of sensitive inventory data and customer preferences. †¢ E commerce business entails developing of relation online with suppliers as well.This affect is multiplied when cyber crimes not only gives access to financial data of the targeted organization but even its suppliers who may be functioning in another part of the world (Grabosky, P 2005). †¢ Another great loss that the company might face is the declining confidence level of customers. Consumer have less trust in the business functions especially online retailing like online shopping, purchases and electronic banking. And with the increasing rate of such crime s companies might lose on their customers.Thus companies must ensure that they do not loose on any important customers due lack of trust in the company’s system (Smith, A 2004). †¢ Economic losses to business resultant of frauds have also increased. These are measured in terms of declining profits or fraudulent transactions. An example could be the Russian TOC efforts to steal $10 million dollars from Citi Bank in the USA through forty unlawful fund usage (Jones, DM 2004). Another institution which has had to face the impact of cyber crimes in terms of economic losses is the stock market where traders trade online.Company information (functioning in L. A. ) available to individuals has been misused where wrong information was posted onto the internet leading to stock price increase and hence investors all over the world were affected (ibid). Types of cyber crimes and their impacts According to David Carter’s research (Grabosky, P 2005), there are three acts which can be labeled as cyber crime; entering into some one’s computer through illegal means and mishandling or damaging data, doing something illegal through means of the net or computer like piracy and thirdly, usage of computers to store some illegal information.Cyber crimes that generally take place within an organization take place through emails, viruses transferred through email or through software being used by the company, access to company database for employee or customer information (Nag, D & Bajaj, K 2005). Further detailed classifications of cyber crimes and how they affect organizations is explained below: Fraud in telecom services: Such a crime is committed by gaining access to the organizations switchboard and making use of call time.Not only does this cause the organization to be expensed with the bill worth the talk time used, is also a hassle for the individual subscribers using that particular service for instance an engineer in India was caught thieving hundre d Internet hours from a particular customer (Grabosky, P 2005). Criminals of such sort also gain access to calling card data for customers and hence they can make their calls on the expense of the customers who then have to pay larger bills and in return blame the company for poor device (ibid).Hacking into computers to gain access to data: Hacking into company data which is password protected is another form of cyber crime that is very common. This has caused the most extensive damage to organizations especially organizations which mostly deal in financial data example banks. For instance, the accountant of a bank who is computer literate can gain access to finances of the bank and transfer funds in his name causing economic losses to the his organization (Cross, F 2007)Cyber Terrorists: There work is very much similar to the terrorists that are a threat to national and international security of an individual nation and global relations. Cyber terrorists pose a threat to the nation al security of organizations by accessing into the central processing system (Cross, F 2007). This is particularly useful for business competitors to gain access to their competitors’ financial or future plans and monitor their activities to gain competitive edge (ibid).Piracy issues and counterfeiting: Reproducing products or services of various businesses without legal rights is another classic case of cyber crime. This is most extensively found in the media industry where movies are pirated without any legal rights and sold at even lower prices This has served as a problem for media producers example the movie â€Å"The world is not enough† starring James Bond was distributed over the internet even before it was available for public by the officials (Grabosky, P 2005). Implications for businesses: what businesses need to do?Cyber crime activities have caused losses of millions of dollars for companies however many companies do not prefer to report such incidents due to protection of their reputation and hence the data on cyber crimes is still incomplete (Grabosky, P 2005). The massive exploitation of these crimes has led businesses to take action. Global organization are making use of further technology to strengthen their systems of information sharing such as their data bases which contains customer information and financial data.Focus is now on IT itself to develop such products, services and solutions that do not promote the risk of cyber thefts and frauds (Edin, M 2002) Along with the governments of various nations coupled with investments from individual organizations in the corporate world, efforts are being made create more secure systems that could prevent cyber crimes (ibid). Venture in IT infrastructure and security According to a report of the Internet association Industry in Australia, on an average thirty five different cyber crime attempts are made on an individual organization’s system (Grabosky, P 2005).One of the great est actions that companies have now started to take is focus on their IT teams in order to build a strong and secure network and data base. This team must not only focus on building an internal secure system but also focus on cross border security as most businesses now function globally (ibid). Investing money in infrastructure and training related to IT development against cybercrime protection is becoming a necessity for all organizations and this investment is no longer considered to be an expense (Edin, M 2002).Such work was once and still is considered by some organizations as a function of purely IT engineers however this is not the case. As discussed how threatening the consequences of cyber frauds can be for any business, whether functioning online in a physical environment, it is important that a collaborative effort of all members of the organization is made to avoid these risks (Edin, M 2002).With this, development of a new concept has emerged; â€Å"cyber space securit y† (Smith, A 2004) which focuses on protecting not only business systems but also consumer information. Access to consumer information like their pin number and account information in a bank means risk of losing their money if their personal information is lost. Assessing financial impact of cyber frauds Another important analysis being conducted by companies across the world is the cost of security frauds being carried out within their organizations (Cashell, B et.Al. 2004). Such an analysis provides the companies with the facts of how risky such crime attacks can be for them in terms of risks of information sharing with competitors, risk of alteration of consumer perceptions (Smith, A 2004) and risk of economic losses (Miller, R 2007) being incurred by the firm I case of the system being damaged and information extracted. The fact that these frauds and thefts have led to losses in monetary terms has generated the focus of the organizations in this regard.According to survey conducted by a computer science institute, there has been an increase in financial losses reported by organizations due to cyber fraud in US in the past three consecutive years. Every year the percentage increase in frauds rises. According to that survey, corporations are not able to comprehend the danger that such frauds expose the organizations to and hence they misjudge the consequences (â€Å"Cyber crime bleeds US corporations: Financial losses from attacks climb for three years in a row† as reported in Koletar, J 2003).The increase in such acts has not only forced businesses but also government of individual nations to act to promote business especially that of e-commerce. The IT Act introduced in India in the year 2000, also incorporated certain activities related to cyber crime in e-commerce business and activities such as hacking into computer systems, affecting privacy of consumer information and disrupting computer system encryptions and codes (Nag, D & Bajaj, K 200 5). The basic reason was to instill trust amongst customers of e-commerce.The use of Internet is a two way tunnel for organizations. They must it to enhance relations with business partners, suppliers and customers. At the same time, it has given a chance to hackers for committing crimes of mass scale that require the attention of policymakers in the organization and individual employees too (Salifu, A 2008). Thus internet frauds have become a problem not only for the developing nations who face a shortage of technological skills but en the developed world (ibid). ConclusionSumming up the former discussion leads us to a conclusion that cyber frauds and risks have increased with the level of globalization and thus pose major threats to international business in the form of information loss, access of grave information by the wrong hands, threats to intellectual property right and to business operations, financial losses and wrong information being leaked out regarding a certain compa ny (Edin, M 2002). With the development of global business, more data is transferred and shared online through electronic means and hence cyber fraud has been motivated to a dangerous level.The threat of such risks has lead businesses and even governments to develop solutions ensuring that customer and company information I not leaked out and does not reach the wrong hands. Companies are focusing on developing risk management solutions and are â€Å"digitizing† (Edin, M, 2002, p. 17) their systems introducing stronger security checks and encryptions to protect the company against cyber frauds. Bibliography Cashell, B, Jackson, WD & Jickling, M, Webel, B 2004, Economic Impact of Cyber attacks, Congressional Research Service, Retrieved from scholar.google. com, Retrieved on 8th April 2010 Chamely, H 2003, Cybercrime and Society, Geo-Sciences, Environment and Man, Retrieved from books. google. com, Retrieved on 8th April 2010 Cross, F & Miller, R 2007, West’s legal enviro nment of business, 6th edition, Cengage Learning, Thomson West, USA Edin, M, Smith, B & Chiozza, E 2002, Challenges and Achievements in E-business and E-work, IOS Press, Netherlands Gobrasky, P & Broadhurst, R 2005 (eds), Cyber Crime: The challenge in Asia, Hong Kong University Press Jones, DM 2004 (ed.), Globalization and the new terror, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, UK Koletar, J 2003, Fraud exposed, John Wiley and Sons Inc , New Jersey. Miller, R and Jentz, G 2007, Fundamentals of business law, 2nd edition, South Western Cengage Learning, USA Nag, D & Kamlesh, B 2005, E-commerce, the cutting edge of business, Tata McGraw Hill, India Salifu, A, 2008, The impact of internet crime on development, Journal of Financial Crime, Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 432-443. Smith, A 2004, Cybercriminal impacts on online business and consumer confidence, Online Information Review, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 224-234.

An Introduction to Puritanism

Puritanism was a religious  reformation movement  that began in England in the late 1500s. Its initial goal was removing any remaining links to Catholicism within the  Church of England after its separation from the Catholic Church. To do this, Puritans sought to change the structure and ceremonies of the church. They also wanted broader lifestyle changes in England to align with their strong moral beliefs. Some Puritans emigrated to the New World and established colonies built around churches that fit those beliefs.  Puritanism had a broad impact on England’s religious laws and the founding and development of the colonies in America. Beliefs Some Puritans believed in total separation from the Anglican Church, while others simply sought reform and wished to remain a part of the church. The belief that the church should not have any rituals or ceremonies not found in the Bible united the two factions. They believed that the government should enforce morals and punish behavior such as drunkenness and swearing. However, Puritans did believe in religious freedom and generally respected the differences in belief systems of those outside the Church of England.   Some of the major disputes between the Puritans and the Anglican Church regarded the beliefs that priests should not wear vestments (clerical clothing), that ministers should actively spread the word of God, and that the church hierarchy (of bishops, archbishops, etc.) should be replaced with a committee of elders.   Regarding their relationships with God, Puritans believed that salvation was entirely up to God and that God had chosen only a select few to be saved, yet no one could know if they were among this group. They also believed that each person should have a personal covenant with God. The Puritans were influenced by  Calvinism and adopted its beliefs in predestination and the sinful nature of man. Puritans believed that all people must live by the Bible and should have a deep familiarity with the text. To achieve this, Puritans placed a strong emphasis on literacy and education.   Puritans in England Puritanism first emerged in the 16th and 17th centuries in England as a movement to remove all vestiges of Catholicism from the Anglican Church. The Anglican Church first separated from Catholicism in 1534, but when Queen Mary took the throne in 1553, she reverted it to Catholicism. Under Mary, many Puritans faced exile. This threat and the increasing prevalence of Calvinism—which provided support for their viewpoint—further strengthened Puritan beliefs. In 1558, Queen Elizabeth took the throne and reestablished the separation from Catholicism, but not thoroughly enough for the Puritans. The group rebelled and, as a result, were prosecuted for refusing to abide by laws that required specific religious practices. This factor contributed to the eruption of the English civil war between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists, who fought in part over religious freedom in 1642.   Puritans in America   In 1608, some Puritans moved from England to Holland. In 1620, they boarded the Mayflower to Massachusetts, where they established Plymouth Colony. In 1628, another group of Puritans founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Puritans eventually spread throughout New England, establishing new self-governing churches. To become a full member of the church, seekers had to testify of their personal relationship with God. Only those who could demonstrate a godly lifestyle were permitted to join.   The witch trials of the late 1600s in places like Salem were run by the Puritans religious and moral beliefs. But as the 17th century wore on, the cultural strength of the Puritans gradually waned. As the first generation of immigrants died out, their children and grandchildren became less connected with the church. By 1689, the majority of New Englanders thought of themselves as Protestants rather than Puritans, though many of them were just as sharply opposed to Catholicism. As the religious movement in America eventually fractured into many groups (such as Quakers, Baptists, Methodists, and more), Puritanism became more of an underlying philosophy than a religion. It evolved into a way of life focused on self-reliance, moral sturdiness, tenacity, political isolationism, and austere living. These beliefs gradually evolved into a secular lifestyle that was (and sometimes is) thought of as a distinctly New England mentality.